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Echographe.com » Échographie abdominale

Échographie abdominale

Échographie abdominale : définition L’échographie abdominale est un examen de pratique courante étant donné la grande diversité des syndromes abdominaux, aigus ou non, que l’on rencontre, chez l’adulte comme chez l’enfant. Dans le cadre de la médecine générale, l’échographie est très souvent prescrite et le patient adressé chez le radiologue. La rapidité du rendez-vous obtenu […]

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Échographie abdominale : définition

L’échographie abdominale est un examen de pratique courante étant donné la grande diversité des syndromes abdominaux, aigus ou non, que l’on rencontre, chez l’adulte comme chez l’enfant.

Dans le cadre de la médecine générale, l’échographie est très souvent prescrite et le patient adressé chez le radiologue. La rapidité du rendez-vous obtenu peut varier en fonction de nombreux facteurs : zone rurale ou urbaine, longue distance entre le lieu d’habitation et le cabinet de radiologie, délais plus ou moins longs, disponibilité du radiologue.

En cas de besoin urgent, le médecin généraliste pourra se trouver dans une situation embarrassante pour son patient. Aussi, l’intérêt pour ce médecin d’être équipé d’un échographe et d’avoir reçu une formation minimale, est d’avoir à sa disposition un matériel utilisable immédiatement, lui permettant d’avoir une réponse rapide, quelle qu’elle soit. 


Symptômes dirigeant vers une échographie abdominale

Quelles vont être les principales indications motivant l’acte d’échographie pour le médecin généraliste, dans les syndromes abdominaux aigus, ou subaigus ?

En premier lieu la colique néphrétique (3% des urgences abdominales), mais aussi la cholécystite aigue, l’appendicite aigue, les épanchements péritonéaux, le GEU, les kystes ovariens, le diverticulite, l’occlusion intestinale, l’anévrisme de l’aorte abdominale, l’invagination intestinale aigüe, la sténose hypertrophique du pylore.


Objectifs de l’examen

L’exploration s’effectue le patient en décubitus dorsal pour débuter, et, en fonction des hypothèses diagnostiques, on lui demande de participer en changeant de position (décubitus latéral, assis), ou en inspirant et bloquant sa respiration, par exemple. 

Le but de l’examen est de balayer tout l’abdomen avec la sonde, et de se centrer sur la région intéressée, en étant guidé par le tableau clinique et notamment la localisation de la douleur. En plaçant la sonde « là où cela fait mal » l’échographie permet souvent de « voir » ce qui fait mal, et donc d’être orienté dans la réflexion diagnostique. 


Médecine générale et échographie abdominale

Le médecin généraliste équipé et formé, lui permet d’avoir un outil diagnostic performant à portée de main dont les avantages sont :

  • Immédiateté de la réponse
  • Non irradiant, indolore
  • Reproductible à l’envie
  • Comparatif avec les examens antérieurs, et avec le côté opposé
  • Aide à la communication avec le patient et les confrères
  • Economique 

L’échographe est maintenant l’outil indispensable du médecin généraliste, aussi bien dans son cabinet, mais aussi, grâce aux échographes ultra-portables, dans sa mallette, au chevet du patient. 

La cotation d’un examen échographique impose la remise d’un compte rendu au patient, et le stockage d’images sélectionnées.